What is the ability to cause changes in the DNA of cells called?

The ability to cause changes in the DNA of cells is referred to as mutagenicity. This term specifically describes the capability of substances, known as mutagens, to induce mutations in the genetic material, which can lead to various alterations in cellular function and, in some cases, contribute to the development of cancer or hereditary diseases.

Mutagenicity encompasses the mechanisms by which environmental agents, such as chemicals or radiation, can disrupt normal cellular processes by modifying the genetic code. This is crucial in fields such as genetics, toxicology, and environmental science, as understanding mutagenicity can help assess the risks associated with certain substances or exposures.

In contrast, teratogenicity pertains to substances that can cause developmental malformations (teratogens) during pregnancy. Fetotoxicity refers to substances that can adversely affect a developing fetus but may not directly act on DNA. Embryotoxicity relates to agents that can harm the embryo, potentially leading to pregnancy loss or developmental complications without implying direct changes to the DNA structure. Each of these terms addresses a specific aspect of developmental and genetic toxicity, underscoring the specific definition and implications of mutagenicity.